史周浩,谢占山,施卫东,张庆宏,陈成,曹宇鹏,谭林伟
SHI Zhouhao,XIE Zhanshan,SHI Weidong,ZHANG Qinghong,CHEN Cheng,CAO Yupeng,TAN Linwei

• 1:南通大学机械工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为抑制翼型的空化,提出了基于微通道技术的空化抑制方式,以NACA翼型为载体,并在其易发生空化区域设置局部微通道,利用正交试验的方法,设计了影响翼型空化的inlet 1来流速度、inlet 2微通道出口压力、微通道出口孔数与孔型等参数的混合水平正交试验,以数值仿真为手段寻求探究局部微通在不同因素及水平下各因素与水平对于低压区的抑制效果,通过极差分析得到各参数对空化影响的主次顺序和一组最优参数组合。研究表明:翼型来流速度是影响空化的最主要的因素,其次为微通道出口压力大小;采用多孔结构的微通道布局可以有效缩小低压区面积并抑制空化规模。综合对比发现,翼型来流速度15 m/s,微通道出口压力1.01×10~5 Pa,采用单排方孔状的微通道出口结构的翼型为本文的最优方案。优化方案与原翼型相比空化面积减少90%以上,低压区面积减少一半,且流场与原始翼型的流场基本无变化。本试验结果对其他流体机械采用微通道抑制空化方法具有一定的参考价值。
In order to restrain the cavitation of airfoils,a cavitation suppression method based on microchannel technology was proposed. NACA airfoils were used as carriers and local microchannels were set up in the area prone to cavitation.By using the method of orthogonal test,the mixed horizontal orthogonal experiments were designed to affect the parameters of airfoil cavitation,such as inlet1 inlet velocity,inlet2 microchannel outlet pressure,number of microchannel outlet holes and pore shape.By means of numerical simulation,the suppression effects of different factors and levels of local microcommunication on the low pressure area under different factors and levels were explored.The primary and secondary order of the influences of parameters on cavitation and a set of optimal parameter combination were obtained through range analysis.The results show that the airfoil flow velocity is the most important factor affecting the cavitation,followed by the microchannel outlet pressure;The microchannel layout with porous structure can effectively reduce the low pressure area and restrain the cavitation scale.According to the comprehensive comparison,it is found that the final optimal scheme is the inlet speed of 15 m/s,the microchannel outlet pressure of 1.01×105 Pa,and the airfoil with a single-row square hole-shaped microchannel exit structure.Compared with the original airfoil,the cavitation area of the optimization scheme is reduced by more than 90%,the area of low pressure area is reduced by a half,and the flow field is basically unchanged from that of the original airfoil.The test results have a certain reference value for other fluid machinery to use microchannels to suppress cavitation.

关键词(KeyWords)： 正交试验设计;NACA翼型;局部微通道;空化抑制
orthogonal experimental design;NACA airfoil;local microchannel;cavitation suppression

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（51579118）;; 江苏省水利科技项目（2019038）;; 江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目（19KJB470029）;; 南通大学引进人才项目（19R86）;; 南通市基础科学研究项目（JC2019059）;; 南通市科技项目（JC2019155）

作者(Author): 史周浩,谢占山,施卫东,张庆宏,陈成,曹宇鹏,谭林伟
SHI Zhouhao,XIE Zhanshan,SHI Weidong,ZHANG Qinghong,CHEN Cheng,CAO Yupeng,TAN Linwei

参考文献(References)：

• [1]李子丰.空化射流形成的判据和冲蚀机理[J].工程力学，2007(3):185-188.LI Z F.Criteria for cavitation jet formation and erosion mechanism[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007(3):185-188.
• [2]王建杰，陈立宇，杨夏明，等.空化水射流的研究进展[J].精密成形工程，2016,8(5):156-162.WANG J J,CHEN L Y,YANG X M,et al.Research progress of cavitation water jet[J].Precision Forming Engineering,2016,8(5):156-162.
• [3]宋启策，赵伟国，杨军虎，等.泵空化现象的研究综述[J].机械制造，2014,52(9):1-5.SONG Q C,ZHAO W G,YANG J H,et al.Review of pump cavitation[J].Machinery Manufacturing,2014,52(9):1-5.
• [4]王健，田文慧，赵嘉卿，等.水力机械中的空蚀研究综述[J].船舶力学，2020,24(4):536-542.WANG J,TIAN W H,ZHAO J Q,et al.Review of cavitation in hydraulic machinery[J].Ship Mechanics,2020,24(4):536-542.
• [5]王东伟，刘在伦，曾继来.离心泵非定常空化流场及空泡特征分析[J].流体机械，2020,48(12):28-35.WANG D W,LIU Z L,ZENG J L.Analysis of unsteady cavitation flow field and cavitation bubble characteristics for a centrifugal pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(12):28-35.
• [6]洪锋，张天宇，苏华山，等.非线性空泡模型在轴流泵空化模拟中的评估分析[J].流体机械，2020,48(6):55-61.HONG F,ZHANG T Y,SU H S,et al.Assessment of a non-linear cavitation model for the computations of cavitating flow in an axial flow pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(6):55-61.
• [7]杜善霄，张洪信，赵清海，等.转速对转套式配流系统空化的影响[J].流体机械，2020,48(5):7-11.DU S X,ZHANG H X,ZHAO Q H,et al.Effect of rotating speed on cavitation in rotary sleeve distribution system[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(5):7-11.
• [8]吴泽兵，王勇勇，张帅，等.不同形状喷嘴的空化性能数值模拟研究[J].流体机械，2020,48(4):36-41.WU Z B,WANG Y Y,ZHANG S,et al.Numerical simulation of cavitation performance of nozzles of different shapes[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(4):36-41.
• [9]孙鹏飞，周正权，陈祎，等.基于CFD的自激振动空化射流喷嘴结构参数影响研究[J].流体机械，2019,47(10):1-7.SUN P F,ZHOU Z Q,CHEN Y,et al.Parametric study on self-excited vibration cavitation jet nozzles based on the CFD method[J].Fluid Machinery,2019,47(10):1-7.
• [10]杨斌，邓玉轩，何娜.螺旋离心泵内回流涡空化的计算与分析[J].流体机械，2019,47(9):17-20.YANG B,DENG Y X,HE N.Numerical calculation and analysis of backflow vortex cavitation in a screw centrifugal pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2019,47(9):17-20.
• [11]刘春哲，王国光，尹光志，等.离心泵非定常空化流动特性的数值研究[J].流体机械，2019,47(7):39-43.LIU C Z,WANG G G,YIN G Z,et al.Numerical study of unsteady cavitating flow characteristics in a centrifugal pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2019,47(7):39-43.
• [12]王鑫，刘小兵，赵琴，等.多孔翼型对空化影响规律探讨[J].中国农村水利水电，2016(10):141-145.WANG X,LIU X B,ZHAO Q,et al.Quanyou.Study on the influence of porous airfoil on cavitation[J].Chinese Rural Water Conservancy and Hydropower,2016(10):141-145.
• [13]王鑫，刘小兵，赵琴，等.微孔对翼型水力特性影响探讨[J].热能动力工程，2017,32(4):99-103.WANG X,LIU X B,ZHAO Q,et al.Discussion on the influence of micropores on the hydraulic characteristics of airfoil[J].Thermal Power Engineering,2017,32(4):99-103.
• [14]于凤荣，张立翔.多孔翼型流场的数值模拟研究[J].固体力学学报，2014,35(S1):59-63.YU F R,ZHANG L X.Numerical simulation of porous airfoil flow field[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2014,35(S1):59-63.
• [15]于凤荣，张立翔，杨洋.多孔翼型结构对空化性能的影响分析[J].昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版），2017,42(1):57-62.YU F R,ZHANG L X,YANG Y.Analysis of the influence of porous airfoil structure on cavitation performance[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2017,42(1):57-62.
• [16]胡赞熬，王俊雄，祝宝山，等.离心泵叶轮穿孔对空化性能的影响[J].热能动力工程，2018,33(10):44-51.HU Z A,WANG J X,ZHU B S,et al.Effect of impeller perforation on cavitation performance of centrifugal pump[J].Thermal Power Engineering,2018,33(10):44-51.
• [17]侯腾飞.基于主动控制技术的空化抑制实验研究[D].大连：大连理工大学，2018.HOU T F.Experimental Study on cavitation inhibition based on active control technology[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2018.
• [18]洪锋，高振军，袁建平.基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的空化模型改进与应用[J].农业机械学报，2018,49(2):126-132.HONG F,GAO Z J,YUAN J P.Improvement and application of cavitation model based on rayleighplesset equation[J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):126-132.
• [19]洪锋，袁建平，周帮伦，等.改进Schnerr-Sauer模型在水翼空化模拟中的评估分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报，2016,37(7):885-890.HONG F,YUAN J P,ZHOU B L,et al.Evaluation and analysis of improved schnerr-sauer model in hydrofoil cavitation simulation[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2016,37(7):885-890.
• [20]胡俊，侯夏伊，于勇.基于当地流动特征的SchnerrSauer空化模型改进研究[J].北京理工大学学报，2020,40(3):1-8.HU J,HOU X Y,YU Y.Research on improvement of Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model based on local flow characteristics[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2020,40(3):1-8.
• [21]赵万勇，宋乾斌，虎兴娜.基于正交试验及CFD的液环真空泵叶轮优化设计[J].流体机械，2019,47(1):14-19.ZHAO W Y,SONG Q B,HU X N.Optimization design of liquid ring vacuum pump impeller by orthogonal experiment and CFD[J].Fluid Machinery,2019,47(1):14-19.
• [22]冷洪飞，郝开元.基于权矩阵分析法的微型离心泵多目标正交优化设计[J].流体机械，2018,46(5):35-39.LENG H F,HAO K Y.Multi-objective orthogonal optimization design of micro centrifugal pump based on weight matrix method[J].Fluid Machinery,2018,46(5):35-39.
• [23]薛城，祝宝山，刘小兵，等.基于叶片载荷分布的离心泵正交优化设计[J].工程热物理学报，2019,40(5):1065-1071.XUE C,ZHU B S,LIU X B,et al.Orthogonal optimization design of centrifugal pump based on blade load distribution[J].Journal of Engineering Thermal Physics,2019,40(5):1065-1071.
• [24]张金凤，沈艳宁，袁寿其，等.带分流叶片离心泵无过载特性的理论与试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报，2010,28(5):407-411.ZHANG J F,SHEN Y N,YUAN S Q,et al.Theoretical and Experimental study on overload free characteristics of centrifugal pumps with shunt blades[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2010,28(5):407-411.
• [25]程效锐，涂艺萱，滕飞.诱导轮进口轮毂比对离心泵空化性能的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报，2020,38(1):7-14.CHENG X R,TU Y X,TENG F,et al.Effect of inducer inlet hub ratio on suction performance of a centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin,2020,38(1):7-14.
• [26]刘忠，张许阳，邹淑云，等.基于改进VMD的离心泵空化声发射信号特征提取[J].排灌机械工程学报，2020,38(12):1196-1202.LIU Z,ZHANG X Y,ZOU S Y,et al.Feature extraction of cavitation acoustic emission signal of centrifugal pump based on improved variational mode decomposition[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin,2020,38(12):1196-1202.
• [27]沈艳宁，袁寿其，陆伟刚，等.复合叶轮离心泵数值模拟正交试验设计方法[J].农业机械学报，2010,41(9):22-26.SHEN Y N,YUAN S Q,LU W G,et al.Orthogonal experimental design method for numerical simulation of composite impeller centrifugal pump[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(9):22-26.