李美萱,郭春梅,李勇刚,胡凯
LI Meixuan,GUO Chunmei,LI Yonggang,HU Kai

• 1:天津城建大学
• 2:天津市建筑设计院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了测试热管式PV/T系统在严寒地区的性能,搭建了热管式PV/T系统的试验台,并以严寒地区典型城市——天津市为试验地点,测试了天气良好情况下系统的性能,包括系统的瞬时发电效率、全天的发电效率、全天的集热效率,以及光伏电池板的温度随光照时间和冷却水流量的变化特性,比较了热管式PV/T系统和PV系统的性能。测试结果表明,在一天的太阳辐射下,热管式PV/T系统与PV系统的最大温差可达8℃,发电效率较PV系统提高了2.65%,系统光伏电池板全天的发电效率约为13.7%,集热效率为19.3%,全天的发电量为3.8 MJ,蓄热水箱的最高温度达到了46.4℃,可以满足人们对生活热水的要求。同时针对热管式PV/T系统集热效率偏低的情况,增设储水箱后,系统的热效率可达到32.3%。此次的试验研究结果对热管式PV/T系统的在严寒地区的应用具有一定的指导意义。
In order to test the performance of heat pipe PV/T system in severe cold area,an experimental platform for heat pipe PV/T system was built.Taking Tianjin area,a typical city in severe cold area,as the experimental site,the performance of the system under good weather conditions was tested,including instantaneous power generation efficiency,daily average power generation efficiency,daily average heat collection efficiency,and the variation characteristics of photovoltaic panel temperature with illumination time and cooling water flow,and the performance of heat pipe PV/T system was compared with that of PV system.The test results show that the maximum temperature difference between the heat pipe type PV/T system and the PV system can reach 8 ℃ in one day's solar radiation,and the power generation efficiency is 2.65% higher than that of the PV system.The power generation efficiency of the PV/T system is about 13.7%,the heat collection efficiency is 19.3%,the power generation capacity is 3.8 MJ,and the maximum temperature of the heat storage tank reaches 46.4 ℃,which can meet people's requirements for domestic hot water.At the same time,in view of the low heat collection efficiency of the heat pipe PV/T system,the thermal efficiency of the system can reach 32.3% after adding water storage tank.The results of this experiment have a certain guiding significance for the application of heat pipe PV/T system in severe cold areas.

关键词(KeyWords)： 光伏光热系统;热管式集热器;试验研究;系统性能
photovoltaic photothermal system;heat pipe collector;experimental study;system performance

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（51678385）;; 天津地区公共机构绿色运营关键技术开发项目（18YFZCSF01390）

作者(Author): 李美萱,郭春梅,李勇刚,胡凯
LI Meixuan,GUO Chunmei,LI Yonggang,HU Kai

参考文献(References)：

• [1]KERN E C,RUSSELL M C.Combined photovoltaic and thermal hybrid collector systems[J].Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,1978.
• [2]AKBARZADEH A,WADOWSKI T.Heat pipebased cooling systems for photovoltaic cells under concentrated solar radiation[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,1996,16(1):81-87.
• [3]HUANG B J,LIN T H,HUNG W C,et al.Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic/thermal systems[J].Solar Energy,2001.
• [4]SAITOH H,HAMADA Y,KUBOTA H,et al.Field experiments and analyses on a hybrid solar collector[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23(16):2089-2105.
• [5]LIANG R,ZHANG J,MA L,et al.Performance evaluation of new type hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector by experimental study[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,75:487-492.
• [6]FARAHAT M A.Improvement the thermal electric performance of a photovoltaic cells by cooling and concentration techniques[C]//International Universities Power Engineering Conference,IEEE,2005.
• [7]李宁军，全贞花，赵耀华，等.基于微通道平板热管阵列的光伏光热系统实验研究：低碳经济与土木工程科技创新[C]//2010中国（北京）国际建筑科技大会论文集，2010.LI N J,QUAN Z H,ZHAO Y H,et al.Experimental study of photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system based on flat panel heat pipe array:low carbon economy and technological innovation of civil engineering[C]//2010China(Beijing) International Building Science and Technology Conference,2010.
• [8]吴双应，张巧玲，肖兰，等.采用热管冷却技术的太阳能光伏电-热一体化系统性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报，2011,31(32):137-144.WU S Y,ZHANG Q L,XIAO L,et al.Analysis on performance of solar photovoltaic-thermal hybrid system with heat pipe cooling[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2011,31(32):137-144.
• [9]陈红兵，栾丹明，褚赛，等.基于相变流体的热管式太阳能PV/T热电联供系统实验研究[J].可再生能源，2017,35(7):984-989.CHEN H B,LUAN D M,CHU S,et al.Experimental study on heat pipe solar PV/T cogeneration system based on phase change fluid[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2017,35(7):984-989
• [10]陈红兵，张磊，王起，等.热管式PV/T热水系统性能的实验研究[J].北京建筑大学学报，2016,32(1):59-64.CHEN H B,ZHANG L,WANG Qet al.Experimental study on the performance of heat pipe PV/T hot water system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2016,32(1):59-64.
• [11]马斌.环路热管式光伏热水系统性能研究[D].秦皇岛：燕山大学，2019.MA B.Research on performance of photovoltaic loop heat pipe water heating system[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2019.
• [12]陈剑波，孙坤，聂琳杰，等.基于太阳能光伏光热组件的双热源热泵机组的实验研究[J].制冷学报，2015,36(5):49-54.CHEN J B,SUN K,NIE L J,et al.Experimental research of dual-source heat pump unit based on solar photovoltaic and photothermal component[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2015,36(5):49-54.
• [13]荆树春，朱群志，段芮，等.联合热泵的光伏光热一体化系统的性能评价[J].可再生能源，2013,31(11):1-4.JING S C,ZHU Q Z,DUAN R,et al.Performance evaluation of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal and heat pump system[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2013,31(11):1-4.
• [14]刘逸，陈培强，李可欣，等.严寒地区太阳能辅助土壤源热泵系统匹配优化研究[J].流体机械，2020,48(12):74-79.LIU Y,CHEN P Q,LI K X,et al.Research on matching optimization of solar-assisted ground source heat pump system in severe cold area[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(12):74-79.
• [15]王丽娟，李宪莉，杨红，等.复合式热泵系统运行策略的模拟与分析[J].流体机械，2020,48(10):83-88.WANG L J,LI X L,YANG H.Simulation and analysis of operation strategy of compound heat pump system[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(10):83-88.
• [16]曲明璐，卢明琦，宋小军，等.蓄热型太阳能光伏光热组件与热泵一体化系统模拟研究[J].流体机械，2020,48(8):82-88.QU M L,LU M Q,SONG X J,et al.Simulation and optimization of heat storage type solar photovoltaic solar-thermal components integrated with heat pump system[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(8):82-88.
• [17]曲明璐，宋小军，卢明琦，等.PV/T与热泵一体化系统中蓄热水箱温度分层性能研究[J].流体机械，2020,48(6):66-71.QU M L,SONG X J,LU M Q.Experimental study and numerical simulation of thermal storage tank temperature stratification performance in PV/Tintegrated heat pump system[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(6):66-71.
• [18]崔云翔，蔡颖玲.上海地区太阳能-地源热泵冬季联合运行试验研究[J].流体机械，2019,47(2):65-69.CUI Y X,CAI Y L.Experimental study on joint operation characteristics of solar-ground source heat pump system in Shanghai[J].Fluid Machinery,2019,47(2):65-69.
• [19]周伟.太阳能光伏光热复合空气源热泵热水系统性能研究[D].南京：东南大学，2016.ZHOU W.Experimental and theoretical study of solar photovoltaic/thermal composite air source heat pump water heating system[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016.
• [20]张晴原，杨洪兴.建筑用标准气象数据手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012.ZHANG Q Y,YANG H X.Standard meteorological data manual for buildings[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2012.
• [21]金梧凤，王成，崔奉洙，等.新风送风方式对辐射吊顶制冷量影响研究[J].流体机械，2020,48(3):79-82.JIN W F,WANG C,CHUI F Z,et al.Study on the influence of air supply modes on cooling capacity of radiant ceiling[J].Fluid Machinery,2020,48(3):79-82.
• [22]穆志君，关欣，刘鹏.太阳能光伏光热一体化系统运行实验研究[J].节能技术，2009,27(5):445-447.MU Z J,GUAN X,LIU P.Experimental study of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar system[J].Energy Conservation Technology,2009,27(5):445-447.